|
|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。
* h/ v3 ?$ x" ?! A8 i4 X
1 S; C* I& h( {0 s: j* g. O2 oLet S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}. + _7 j+ r( z" z( I9 E. d7 A
8 {. G, L2 U e+ v! f: X' WFor w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k.
- }3 d, {' p+ I. x/ s w
& \9 Y# J/ V3 A+ o, _; QFor w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).
( p. N5 m1 j9 H: u. d( T$ k+ z( G3 U ]* y) \3 ] p1 b+ l! {
There are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1)./ ?+ _& C; D5 y3 H+ k
9 X% N! _* ~ W) ?- a, f理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|