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本帖最后由 老福 于 2020-4-15 09:29 编辑
Trevor Bedford is an Associate Member at the Fred Hutch in the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division and the Computational Biology Program. He is also an Affiliate Associate Professor in the Department of Genome Sciences and the Department of Epidemiology at the University of Washington.
这是他发的一系列Twitter帖子,全文见 https://twitter.com/trvrb/status/1249414291297464321
3:09 PM · Apr 12, 2020
中文要点:
Trevor Bedford的课题组重新检测了Seattle Flu Study项目收集的有流感样症状病人的样本,看它们是否新冠阳性。
2020年一月份收集的3600份样本,其中新冠病毒的阳性率为:零!
二月份收集的3308份样本,2月1日到2月20日的样本,新冠阳性率为:零!第一份新冠阳性样本出现在2月21日,整个2月份一共测出10个阳性。
(老福注:2020年1月21日,美国华盛顿州斯诺霍米什县确认了美国首例确诊2019冠状病毒病病例)
There is a lot of Twitter chatter surrounding a rumor that circulation of #COVID19 in California in fall 2019 has resulted in herd immunity. This is empirically not the case. COVID-19 was first introduced into the USA in Jan/Feb 2020.
We have a couple good sources of evidence here: (1) direct testing of @seattleflustudy samples collected in Jan and Feb 2020 and (2) phylogenetic evidence showing genetic relationships of sequenced viruses.
For (1), the @seattleflustudy has gone back and tested retrospective samples collected between Jan 1 and March 10 in our research assay. These samples were collected as part of our study of respiratory infections in the Seattle area.
All samples were from individuals suffering acute respiratory infection with a subset having influenza-like illness. Individuals with undiagnosed COVID-19 should be picked up with these symptom criteria.
We tested 3600 samples collected in Jan 2020 for COVID-19 status and found zero positives. We tested 3308 samples collected in Feb 2020 and found a first positive on Feb 21 with a total of 10 samples testing positive in Feb.
Additionally, we confirmed that these samples from acute respiratory infections from Oct 2019 through Feb 2020 contained a variety of different viruses including influenza, RSV, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus and seasonal coronavirus.
As you may know, seasonal coronaviruses are responsible for ~30% of common colds and are easily distinguished from #SARSCoV2 (the virus responsible for COVID-19) in molecular assays. There is no chance of confusion between these in our assay.
It's empirically true that the Seattle flu season in Oct through Jan was not the result of COVID-19. We would have seen it in these data. Given travel connections between WA and CA there is no way that COVID-19 was widely circulating in CA, but we see zero cases in WA.
老福注:最后这段有点绕,是说尽管只测了2020年1月1日到3月10日的样本是否新冠病毒阳性,如果从去年10月到今年1月新冠病毒已经广泛传播的话,(几乎)不可能今年一月份的样本没有一个新冠阳性,所以这段时间(去年10月到今年1月)WA(华盛顿州)没有新冠病毒广泛传播;由于WA和CA(加州)的紧密联系(人员交流),如果CA新冠病毒在这段时间段早已流行的话,WA也(几乎)不可能是0感染。这个研究提供了很强的证据说明至少美国西海岸的新冠病毒是外源性(从美国其它部分或美国以外)的。
老福再注:因为twitter原文只讨论了CA和WA,所以我根据道长的意见,修改了一下上一段。不过,我认为这个研究确实是全美国新冠病毒是外源性的很强证据,只不过逻辑链条要长一点:如果新冠病毒已经从去年十月(flu season的开始)就开始在美国各地传播,即使是一个传染性较小的弱化新冠病毒版本,也有很大概率在一月份传播到作为经济重镇的西雅图,从而大概率应该在西雅图样本里表现出来。现在西雅图一月样本里根本没有,所以新冠病毒从去年十月已经在美国传播的可能性很小。 |
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