|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。& d: g2 z2 w3 e5 I$ s; u
: J; \% M0 j9 K& `2 y8 _) GLet S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}.
* U. \5 V8 K+ Q7 L; W; G; S* {' n/ c8 T. J; A( K B
For w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k. x) S4 `7 O# R* X: c, l
8 R$ W* R/ j8 d
For w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).$ r4 o& s1 Q) F+ w/ F& o: r
" d7 H0 k9 z W7 U) x7 [6 I* t. a9 V
There are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1).7 D+ K/ K* S8 c9 U7 ^3 p- L: x
! ?6 a) s" S% q' [6 g
理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|