|
|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。( L/ {% O4 X& d3 D4 d
7 T5 F$ M: Z8 ~4 |) rLet S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}.
/ \$ {/ z1 ^0 _' T1 V
) l# h. T% [+ K- K7 q0 c$ \# yFor w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k." z8 Y6 Z: b: J/ ^( ]- p
' E* s0 C: {8 i9 ]; J# bFor w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).2 l1 i* T+ J$ d& w8 v
1 r: M+ F6 p, Y
There are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1)." V) F# p" V$ ~/ ^
+ l" t- i, o& S0 N* C, d3 s% Y8 _
理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|