|
|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。
' |3 V2 @5 f6 }- ?1 R: ]8 r6 k3 z! s) E/ G
Let S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}.
! N8 z& }3 f' u; S' K6 [' A7 s; K/ p: l6 }6 W
For w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k.
5 a: @( W/ d& `; r6 _
$ s+ L6 c5 T0 ^, nFor w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).
* r; { v" R# T& v
9 d8 b+ T5 \% |. M5 @2 |There are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1).
; P, j: U* k6 e I
5 R' @/ s( u) B i理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|