|
本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 : S) H" l: F- M0 c& Z
5 {, \. h: @% X1 ]
军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。0 \- T E- u: q
/ a. Z; `$ q# X$ B1 B2 ]
军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
2 ?3 R3 e( H/ D
* x6 p3 n6 G# _! H: TUnited States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)( O6 ~$ P( v# j, N
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)1 E. f3 l( r9 x- h5 R0 A: ]& Z5 j
United States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)
) W) _0 ~; O. RUnited States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)5 ?0 G9 Q! P1 O, D7 _) N' [
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角) Z9 J+ T- l! l1 c6 @+ s+ k
$ w4 K6 Q |0 n n1 r) g G9 K高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:! o H" a$ V0 F$ I+ |; ~7 D/ d( g
- X! P8 X' q0 ?& | R' w7 v" o
4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放( {) ~: ~' @3 Y/ \& U5 s6 e D
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)& u/ T4 G6 e2 O- e7 X4 j5 N
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)* y0 j* {: m; Z4 K I
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)0 l" ?2 Q# K& w( O$ q
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)- F- W: ^* r. f @0 B! [8 `3 q
4 S: P" o9 z3 |- b+ }
1个只收ROTC学生
! p* R, k' e: H5 C- i0 zVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生% J9 S; |: k# a! p$ H7 ?
; ?# {+ o0 P E' L9 @ ~
1个军民兼收的私立3 |4 k) t! C* x' O6 F6 L: L
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
) X0 S( w4 Y/ B4 v
7 q* K; G9 ?& J3 E. F6 Y州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:
( E2 J q1 b- E9 R, @4 P
6 U$ D3 I2 U1 s- E9 jCalifornia State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
) r( Y& S! V4 \" w& \% x# Y) SGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)& q6 U7 _# v5 \! U' G. E& k
Maine Maritime Academy6 D' l/ S" _! D% N& F
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
) |" R8 U9 a2 U. g' B' KState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)* ^6 [6 W! ]3 @
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
$ z+ D, H( |/ g! Q' t U! u+ p
; H( I K& H; S# w8 l# f6 u军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:
0 x2 C: w3 \" N5 t8 d) T
: S7 J1 q% ~2 i- L+ G* q2 QGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
1 e+ l) R) [. q+ b9 vMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)) I% a' W9 x$ @3 u4 g: w
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)0 `/ M7 P' D. l
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)6 a3 k3 f. ~" ]7 ]4 s- ~
' R) x8 W9 @9 \! e: }3 X8 c还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:7 {/ f0 V8 b( r2 p9 x6 R
2 G* U* |( A* kAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
5 T W& t7 @* D& `) nAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)1 f* j; m$ ^" q2 m# b
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
1 F o# P( z- W3 f7 Q: uBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)3 O9 i$ v+ w) ~5 u# `: G
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)' e2 L, Z# ^+ N, t% B$ H: h
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)7 o7 B! T- C$ N! K
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
`8 x% M; u% d% MFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)& K1 C% n t) ]; m/ V5 a f
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
. ~' r3 r; Z% X9 X3 xFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
) o& r( X4 S! G3 s1 GHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)4 Z, W1 h; X' [4 d: r+ k7 c' |' K3 V
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational). \9 C5 d |( B- @
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
0 I |$ g+ ?* d) k( T4 QLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)# b4 x' {& s0 k9 B
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
# u" i* e& g6 `Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)4 z( q7 V0 ?5 Y3 a O: r
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)7 k& C5 I4 ]* c( x6 S: `% ~2 n
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)$ C0 `( T4 j, Z- o8 i4 p" M
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational): [. s$ Z6 p! L+ }
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)% h1 k x1 g/ E( z" R
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)' u( i5 ?( c8 H# R
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
# ~6 @! J0 b% A( k- ~* z0 G7 WRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)6 M* g6 \: s' r6 A5 k& t0 g+ @
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)- {) F1 p- a5 O
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
2 z4 y( T) @) H1 y+ l7 E% RSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)4 v; T' z* Z4 J# }' l
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)0 h/ T1 `: b! Y( L& Q
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)3 f3 g: c& i( A( l" P
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)) A: n2 y; N9 F0 |8 B/ [
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
) S" } \% `+ y0 Z- [4 i) B, kTMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
, ?2 u( `. i4 l4 bValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
1 a H+ j: I3 }: T `# `$ {5 y; U# x$ N; F
更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:. _: l. L: p3 c6 E' n/ z- x
3 L0 ^; ^2 t% zAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
% d& I# H& k2 l* C. p) w% e1 BBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
/ b3 r( h3 O' f; z n E- S# f9 fCarver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
. O+ c% S, l& xChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois). z5 |& @ X9 s% W% W) n4 I
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
( \1 I0 h8 n! XDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
: o" } @. s) G, N1 U' kFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)1 g4 S+ A& ^, B8 i0 \3 w4 s9 y
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]& W$ H J( J! {/ t3 ]( G G8 O
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)! K9 z% u, R: F0 {& R/ q
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)) z [* D( M; z T- K: q, O8 E& L
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
7 E' E/ r6 w4 fMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
& j2 k1 _& a1 v# |2 ~Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)3 b. ]& n' x' {6 {/ z3 ~
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)1 e* k2 M# @3 y* F& H/ c
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)6 i$ S4 Y) W. m! B0 r. d6 g& Q
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
, I2 g L, a, T, mPhiladelphia Military Academy[3]
9 o8 g2 r- H4 R6 PPhoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)1 N7 v, ]& ~8 U e5 J$ V
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
# }% R3 k" r: ^Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
5 G( [" G3 y. y# _. {2 MSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
- \8 L( L( v1 oUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
& |0 c6 K# D& X0 K& q6 O" n( w6 V" F9 a" G ~: x
在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:
; T5 J% \! b) f$ }$ y! X" k: Q* D" i) b
United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
" t4 d4 q$ @* R# L; F* gUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
6 @: E& I4 C# M8 g- [United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
! d4 Y- P/ G; j) I9 eNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff* j. u6 R. Y) f
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面' J$ u Z" G1 c( b+ w3 J M
Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
8 c7 C) i+ v- ] u( Q6 dAir University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技- N3 q# Z8 k) {9 K8 d- L# W; @7 f; ~
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校5 n3 ?: S6 ~% ~- [# Y/ v' D
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
$ `) ]1 S( \0 |+ ]& ]7 y- N& ~. |" F+ r
各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。$ R4 ?& D2 k% }9 `+ o# n. c
0 H' k! e. f3 S( Q( ?3 |9 \绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
|