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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 X y/ Q( R" Y
# J! ^7 Z% P) ]* Y: L" x( N军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)
3 x) `' p. L1 _. ?0 k) @6 d1 x, }United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)
+ J' i( A% D. D* R* g iUnited States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉). ]7 r- K$ @3 s$ C+ p( J, q. i
United States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)4 B4 F7 x4 v9 G9 t$ Y# n' e
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)7 _) F# P* b* ]
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高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放+ N. Z7 M6 |1 K5 S0 k
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)! b2 `0 o1 u T1 j1 ?
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
. ~8 g% t5 t, L$ h3 P" IUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)- W" l- c7 x* W* O) v
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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& k( {! D, P$ X2 g' r' z" \1个只收ROTC学生: L$ C* R6 }8 ^- d$ A$ r
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生5 t; a# P! a2 T- t9 q
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1个军民兼收的私立* c9 k& C8 }. J7 G. V* g
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:9 Z. J* O- z9 M; n" I8 m9 w
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)" v7 f9 ?8 C2 [$ c5 m
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
2 P9 `) S/ o+ ~; Q7 {Maine Maritime Academy
- I4 d u" \0 i9 X" AMassachusetts Maritime Academy* E9 ~( m9 ^5 U2 B* w0 X
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
+ O0 w% Q0 m5 e. VTexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)1 V. W6 d- A p: ^
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军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:1 }8 P; D* [9 U$ z
5 ~* |0 c- Y7 K7 n/ @" QGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
: [% w: K0 K& |! fMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)- G) ?2 m: G5 q) s! s
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)/ r f7 M2 c3 ^4 X% J
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:* _ J& e5 l0 i$ ]9 y
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)$ T0 |9 c T- q3 S" B5 ?7 }1 |
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational), X; d8 G% @5 n m8 H8 x' [3 e- l& I
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
9 _! P" J, ^/ j& X5 _' @- yBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)" p8 J% ?% {4 |
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
3 `% J8 v) A% p# A& i4 P0 iChristian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
+ n" u. S% V5 M' Y' T8 F$ ~Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
' }3 s3 J: H& h' D: p3 a. ?! n+ N/ z& iFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
: k# k% v/ ^; t oFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)1 D2 T3 L. j1 C
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)+ {0 w( T1 {1 Q* p+ K8 a
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
$ P; O+ Y- ^/ Y! u# j8 _6 C% T4 S6 }Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
. h9 T% b8 i6 n ], q sLa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
9 x8 A/ F- \9 u& M" {( HLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)2 ]0 P2 q2 g2 m+ O4 O# ^# F; S+ v
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)3 [) I7 h; W5 e4 h# r2 e& G3 W8 W
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
1 y! y- s* P. z/ R0 o+ j6 ~Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
9 {3 ~" S4 A, Q2 a) eMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)# C! W/ x) v* D& V' a5 B% U2 H" d
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)0 x+ }! V1 ]5 D J; Y. P7 m7 F
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)" G: ^3 x! Z& \3 ?
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)2 a# G+ t1 i0 F) ~
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)- P3 T) I8 e" E
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)8 L6 k) W, |7 T
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
: O1 m( R' f4 P# ?4 M1 iSaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)- K- L1 o0 Z1 U* U" D+ b' S \/ z
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)+ ?+ y0 P( J- y
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational) H2 {% m: q8 O+ X
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)- |# ~. Z7 ]' k# H6 a
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
1 y2 T8 `+ N: W% g1 l+ [! pSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida), O- D* a/ A8 y$ n
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
2 s) o/ i, J u* V( bValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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% O" n# G* M. U5 U) Q更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:9 v: t2 t9 W/ D- [9 k- G1 [
7 G, c+ W' b# \. eAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)$ l3 _) t4 E. @5 p3 i' a
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
) j. E' c4 ]) H& ^1 b& nCarver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)& {3 p. S+ Q1 K2 C
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
# {4 K0 d2 Z+ p2 B. U' h$ ]7 F7 CCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
* b2 o8 n0 p9 N! B5 Z5 Y8 LDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
5 d' H1 t' z& e+ G5 ~4 Q9 p# ZFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
1 y6 n4 S# ~" ?7 H& ]; MFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3], Z N# K- G0 W# M2 S7 D7 s
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
4 O, O( H8 }3 {Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)! E" D5 D+ T" q* w- I% M& g
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
5 S- y! g! _. [5 p' x. ~$ eMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
' n+ M6 H; h: ^Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
, F6 y0 x, \: p$ y& TNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
9 q9 U h/ ^; W ^8 tNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)" h6 I/ P0 j, H- J
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)6 |' D- w" z* o- D5 m: V' G- a
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]2 Z- n4 p/ N: H
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
7 W9 s ]9 p0 d4 S7 P4 j. a" F4 w, G" jRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)* q" i5 H v! `& u5 ~ s6 z* v
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)1 [4 L0 V( l2 V- y
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
4 x+ M/ e5 A! b# d% I4 k* g0 Z# a( lUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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& R: s) ^2 ]" f- h在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:" H- |4 m) K9 m+ x- l
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
8 H# V- f) a* H; SUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校* |+ u. `, x1 M( u
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
! s# h- y5 Z E' d9 F1 yNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff
4 k0 h Y3 ^4 H L$ b; UNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
4 e8 \. h4 X8 ~, @2 D1 F* KMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
9 D5 V& I5 p% P' zAir University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技2 o1 y9 C6 d5 }+ u9 H9 U9 D! N' I# z
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校
# [3 K, `8 o" B' g, LMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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5 l/ b0 V( w) T; T各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。! z8 Q) N1 h+ J2 i& ~, i
, P( r) b$ B J5 S! p绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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