2016-5-2 在友谊商店见到一组泰国的生肖画,看起来很残破的样子,是两幅拼在一起的,左边那一幅是一年四季的四只老虎,右边那一幅讲的是如何才能够在虎年 把握时机 逢凶化吉美好姻缘的巫术。 网上狗一狗,说是大英图书馆有类似的一个册页,是十九世纪末的作品: The British Library holds a magnificent manuscript from Thailand dated 1885. It contains a series of drawings based on the Chinese Zodiac and its animals. A male or female avatar, a plant and a number are associated to every zodiacal sign. In the upper left corner the female avatar for the year is riding a tiger. Only a ritual specialist (หมอดู) would have been able to interpret these omens and to give advice on how to avoid unfortunate or dangerous events。 要说上面这两幅,有一点神似的话,下面这一组,简直就更像了: Each zodiac-related folio is followed by one folio of paintings, which symbolise the fate of a person under certain circumstances. The paintings are accompanied by numbers and one would have to trust the interpreting skills of the divination specialist to find out about the future. One outstanding phrommachat manuscript was acquired for the Library by Henry Ginsburg in 1975 (Or. 4830) and has been digitised recently. Although the manuscript has no colophon and is not dated, we know from the style of writing and orthography that it was produced during the second half of the 19th century. However, it may be a revised copy of an older manuscript that was in a deteriorating state due to frequent use. The manuscript has 59 folios of text written on mulberry bark paper, accompanied by coloured illustrations on 32 folios and one ink drawing of entwined naga serpents. The text mainly explains how to interpret the illustrations, which include drawings based on the Chinese zodiac that relates each lunar month to the animals of the 12-year-cycle and their reputed attributes (earth, wood, fire, iron, water) as well as a male or female avatar (representing yin and yang), and a symbolic plant. A small number diagram used to work out periods in a person’s life which are particularly dangerous or unlucky is also usually present.
國際民航組織(ICAO)今天(27日)表示,因為對泰國民間航空飛航安全的重大關切,因此泰國民航面臨國際民航組織可能禁飛新航線,以及更多的國際飛安審查。國際民航組織指出,根據檢查結果,泰國民航存在顯著安全缺陷,不符合國際安全標準。 雖然國際民航組織對泰國民航提出「重大飛安關切」,但是並未正式對各國公告。不過,已有多國政府上週獲得國際民航組織通知,泰國民航有這方面的缺失。 南韓國土建設交通部(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport)1名官員今天說,國際民航組織在這個月20日,就已通知泰國民航有飛安方面的關切。 這名官員表示,南韓國土建設交通部尚未針對泰國民航,決定是否要限制其飛行新航線,但是很可能據此不會批准泰國民航申請的新航線。 不過,這名官員表示,泰國與南韓目前的飛行航線並未受到影響。 日本民航單位1名官員也表示,日本暫停批准泰國民航申請的新航線。 BANGKOK: Thailand is facing bans on new international flights and increased inspections after the International Civil Aviation Organization flagged significant concerns about the country"s aviation safety, officials said Friday. The ICAO"s designation of Thailand as a ``significant safety concern" has not been announced publicly by the U.N. agency but governments were informed last week. Kwak Young-pil, an official from South Korea"s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, said Friday that the ICAO made the designation on March 20. Japan has blocked new flights from Thailand following the ICAO decision and South Korea is considering similar measures, officials said. Existing flights aren"t affected. Among the airlines forced to cancel flights are budget carriers Thai AirAsia X, NokScoot and Asia Atlantic Airline, Thailand"s Department of Civil Aviation said in a statement. Flag carrier Thai Airways is also affected. The disruptions come ahead of Thailand"s traditional new year, known as Songkran, a heavy travel season when airlines typically increase the number of flights. Thailand is one of the world"s top tourist destinations and its tourism industry is crucial to the economy, employing millions of people. Thai Airways President Jarumporn Chotikasathein said the airline would have to cancel ``about five" charter flights that were being planned for the April holiday schedule. He said Thai Airways and other Thai carriers will also have to undergo increased inspections by regulators from other countries as a result of the ICAO designation. Thailand was audited by the ICAO in January, about a decade after its last assessment in 2005. Audits assess a country"s overall ability to ensure aviation safety. Among the areas considered are personnel licensing and training, airworthiness assessment and certification, accident investigation and airline operations oversight, according to a report by Watson Farley and Williams, an international law firm with a commercial transport practice. The ICAO office in Bangkok referred questions to its headquarters in Montreal, which could not immediately be reached for comment. The Thai ministry"s statement did not give details on the ICAO"s concerns or recommendations but said that it planned to inform countries about the status of its safety standards and ``the solutions to fix the faults that were found in the inspection as soon as possible." Japan"s Civil Aviation Bureau informed Thailand"s civil aviation department by email earlier this week that it will not allow new charter flights operated by Thai-registered carriers to fly into Japanese airports. The Japanese ban covers any ``change of aviation services" and also bars airlines from changing the type of aircraft normally used on scheduled routes, the Thai civil aviation department said. In Tokyo, a spokesman the bureau, Noriaki Umezawa, said the measure was a temporary one issued because of concerns the airlines may not fully meet international safety standards. South Korean said it was considering a similar ban. Kwak, the South Korean transport official, said it was highly unlikely that new flights would be approved. NokScoot was planning to start flights to Seoul"s Incheon Airport in May. He said flights currently operating between Thailand and South Korea will not be affected.