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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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' R3 B4 I/ C9 l+ z军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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3 _& v4 R! [- i" B5 b# vUnited States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)
: Q% H: h2 x) `" y+ [ {United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)! d2 E( b6 h1 H6 `' _, V
United States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)
0 B: }: j2 h* vUnited States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)5 ^: Y/ D) S9 s- ]3 E
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)+ n3 g* d* R2 H( L% C; Y
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高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:
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* u2 z9 m+ K2 s4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放
8 }. _" _+ c. z1 u! r' G' \ GThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)7 s0 ]5 J& C2 U& V
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
9 }4 e) J9 K, y! G+ W! PUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)$ }* A* `& O! D" E
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university): j) U1 v6 u# u) f$ b* S
[9 W3 S+ i) d: U! O6 \2 O1个只收ROTC学生$ ?! y) ]% n5 v0 L5 u
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生& D4 b+ r% e1 d/ \. \
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1个军民兼收的私立
( R. J( A; i+ R, J5 iNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:6 m6 ]& U- Z1 ~& ^, p0 }
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
- ^6 Q4 S9 e# b8 A$ ]Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
: d( ]" H; R9 T. [, `: n2 DMaine Maritime Academy6 Q. L" W9 A% x# g
Massachusetts Maritime Academy/ M) }, Z2 B0 L0 L1 h3 J
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)( t5 P0 g9 d3 g. b; H/ g! U% e
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)2 V1 n' h' f6 S$ v8 M R" v' X
4 q, R$ _, \/ M军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:; h) c- K5 D) F: G. {7 A: ^) U+ j! L9 t
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)% z8 B3 X8 [7 P s7 ~, z: E
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)* T1 \, R; E; W; {; d% _3 _) u
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)9 M5 Y8 e Z; e/ y/ d
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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/ [6 `, I2 A1 k8 n还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:
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g; }6 ~" O: ?6 _# a3 ]5 IAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
' d9 T7 p, s/ \ _, l; eAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)) ]$ c: V5 {% Y% b( \
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)! c! T; x" _$ q9 ?0 Q) @! i
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
% A4 [' m; v4 L9 M7 _4 W8 V2 j l# \Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
6 z" N9 R& F) Y& P" vChristian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)4 c2 Z6 @, w6 w" q7 B
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
- }9 ?. p$ |7 k& ~Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)9 ~+ A; X% V, w8 Z
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)9 n8 v- z7 A5 E0 v) C7 \, _- w
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)4 D4 l( S) o* r& ~6 I! a
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
+ {: `6 k2 D/ _Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
: N+ r$ e, ^3 dLa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
8 [: E4 d' l6 A* \# Q W' F6 f4 P7 WLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
3 V4 J( q* h8 e8 c1 w: vLyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
7 A2 R0 d6 B! _/ k! I8 E4 j& sMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas). r# W0 O& k$ Y" p+ _8 F9 ~
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)9 h; E$ O$ R5 b' }3 F4 r" h4 u: A7 o
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
4 U. h$ w% X& `. t2 A! yNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)5 W$ l0 I: k* D5 P; Q0 {0 i
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)! y( H& V8 R) `6 I
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)( c) ]; j* t r) s, P3 M
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)4 r% H: z9 ~8 b" b( a% |9 G
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)" ?. q) H# C/ q+ X. y8 H
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
( V9 } I, D! E0 |+ C0 Z+ H' L- ASaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
1 u" u5 k5 Q3 Y0 O6 YSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)" f) ]9 E; x' ]7 {2 W4 o
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)
: |0 J0 q. u5 C) a' cSt. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
" Y/ i: D) h0 x* l# S2 q( S3 K: JSt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
' n7 N8 v' M/ s4 G& z* w5 V8 |7 wSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
3 C8 @# Y6 j+ T) K, s3 ATMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
/ L. i- ^4 R' qValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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% M) M1 z8 E* |: u$ o更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:
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0 c) q1 p, \) g3 G: TAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
2 n9 C \. l& Q% _# Y/ V# eBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
6 j3 }- f& ?, e9 |% x# p8 \Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)8 a7 l% a; k4 `+ ^% b( x: r7 X
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
% F0 I t1 v. j LCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
$ q2 u( W( h2 ]0 b ~. J: o& SDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
% g4 P0 d1 X1 C( fFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
3 Q8 i. f: [$ S4 i6 @Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
) X3 K$ d, |2 y! cGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
7 A3 o9 Q4 i2 i# \- ?Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
6 y G* Z ?! zKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]) U% m+ w8 K$ C" @/ z
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)/ q) [ H2 g6 w
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)2 h: d+ z6 G1 B. F0 u4 U
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
Y/ m/ ^7 w' K/ I2 ONew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)$ C2 [: ?7 `9 ^3 _: w! v1 a
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
- ]. g6 j8 U5 {) R; Q [Philadelphia Military Academy[3], t7 a6 L1 f8 b4 f* L6 }! \
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)# [+ u3 Y. Q2 m
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
1 ~ k4 w i& m- [Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
8 T. Q) l) X" MSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida). ~& w8 N+ {4 u% \& J
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)) j9 @0 ?2 |6 k1 Z
* ~) g0 _$ ]. k" d3 H+ X7 _: E在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的- T' c/ F P) }, t; C) x
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
. t. N" d) T& S: e' |1 nUnited States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
5 X/ q7 z u) B9 T0 n' V' Q& P9 V# D; [Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff
3 P* T% P+ a! T3 Y8 h) dNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
5 Z9 C* w4 O. F! [1 AMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
/ d7 M+ p7 ^- i f7 H5 v& x( WAir University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技
1 r5 i* _: b: t( A _& ~National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校
7 l8 A# E# k3 W7 e- |7 HMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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5 B# T& ?: {$ Y( Y) \3 c$ h各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。
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绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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