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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 5 Q; ~# `1 ?& m3 H7 x: x! J# w* F1 f
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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; d" o N& w" d8 }$ Y# S6 |United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)
9 e% t3 [8 y VUnited States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)$ l: w& |! m8 J
United States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)6 ~* R' j8 M5 H. [3 O6 x
United States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦) g4 h0 K- P4 H1 j" e: c
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)
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高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放
: L, C' g# Y3 h2 G% I# GThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
6 z$ K8 l, I oTexas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university). {1 Q% o/ X' v1 {, e0 v
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)
- y1 c9 ^9 r% H5 o% t d; |/ j3 X3 k8 EVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)6 e+ Q! B8 Z) q4 B' c$ _7 v
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1个只收ROTC学生
$ d8 y. u. O! W0 zVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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1个军民兼收的私立
! p. @6 l$ {4 i6 CNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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4 i( S1 [6 W1 ~" u+ f州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:# i0 F A( O% C* W; F" S
0 g$ Q& \' a: `& oCalifornia State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
) P1 X. h7 n& a' CGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
8 H+ V/ I! T- ?! w) NMaine Maritime Academy
0 t, g' l* K' Q ]Massachusetts Maritime Academy K; E3 b4 t; r; b3 W1 R; w8 {
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)) b3 N& b5 X P( J/ F2 x
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:& |; z6 {% P/ M+ b" e# S0 H; g
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
3 Z: Y. a% a2 {0 KMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama) v) [2 U, v$ h
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico), ?& i3 n# o& p+ h
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
. j) d. [! a }' s9 dAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)! A9 A& o- |8 A- p
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)3 X3 g4 @9 I0 a! z
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
1 }% v. l9 c( u& J( M7 aCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)6 P2 Y! W& y$ Z6 \! P1 S
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
- v7 _6 |, b# q" M" bCulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)) G. s1 l0 i* z& ]8 H" I+ J
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
5 p# h2 t2 @$ M1 p9 J6 v" QFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
' o: N- m6 ?: p* }) J' o* F3 XFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)# r N5 N2 {. `# r
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)0 v+ n$ ]: D- F6 }3 n
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)) q3 y3 Q$ E6 k
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)1 _. E5 ^3 g; l5 I* N p4 n
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
& \7 J7 @3 Q& o/ c% ~. y/ v' \Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
: V& L0 b. i. x4 m1 Z. n! p$ }& ^Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)# W- K8 n3 G0 t! h- R
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)7 f# G" `1 x' g
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
! p/ Z% Z4 x) g( P8 R/ a& Z9 r( SNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)1 z7 y0 B- P" m$ S4 D1 I2 T o
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational) N8 o7 x/ ?$ H2 _$ P
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
9 q& x! E% ]1 D+ mRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
, O9 n% v7 V" q6 \- N: ?+ @Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)% x( `/ a' \( u, R
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)7 n# E6 ~; K2 e: v; b
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)0 s4 L$ S! [4 f! n7 b3 ^: I8 R, j9 t
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys); v. s+ }6 p8 Q: ~- V
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)* W/ \3 K$ M. F5 @
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
( z2 s! ~; m/ d6 m* XSt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
- J' @- u. A7 t- K. @Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida): P$ m4 r! N/ a: w5 i' }( T
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]: m. }4 x. {; @ H0 I( }+ V
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)! V/ ]( B6 s$ {3 R, s( S$ I
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:+ V6 ?! [! S7 M h( i
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
$ I5 f( U: f% wBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
( P: J: ^% t% q. jCarver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
2 x: c7 l/ Q' C, y; J* `- `Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)- |9 ?% s( M, E" q
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
3 N7 j: d: @+ x8 c0 N/ mDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
9 Y4 n# {% C- P6 D5 Y iFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)2 {1 c; Y5 B' I: P' f' S5 n6 K
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
! _* F' @9 |# }Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia), y# Z3 @" U$ P; C# Z: _
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
6 B# V/ [8 ~( k7 l/ ^Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]8 Q& _) J1 X& Z$ v5 _ v& ~
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)/ J/ y# P0 n% X/ u
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
3 B6 C# r/ E+ p! @. F8 W3 PNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
0 O* s0 y b7 i) r' G* G) P& U, ANew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
$ R) M a9 ~: q7 B, T( u) }7 j3 COakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)9 R. V( ?; M& a
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]: i- w, e2 p1 r+ }3 [$ S
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois) k9 I; Z: e P2 h( A6 E7 B: D6 y
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)/ b, O! W" u" I" W
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
% O# R0 }3 o& |1 aSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida), r/ p- k- C4 S+ x. I
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:' q' H# `' ~+ I. F i& v
) {9 R u" k' TUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的' @9 J: q1 q# s' _# X$ c
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
7 d. ~3 K( p" M, \( ]8 qUnited States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
4 `/ O! K7 T; \3 QNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff* S$ {- V8 H i. R
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
z5 x+ x+ z6 K! W+ w! q# QMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)+ P& b$ f8 s6 S
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技- x1 T( S: M; v4 q
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校
$ M9 t r% C7 h r8 rMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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) ]" i D( v f) i各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。
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绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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