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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 8 M6 E( M+ K6 R/ N1 f- }( i
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。& O% F& d! h8 u2 C& Z
5 E9 z8 Z0 }$ s" ]1 r: ?# _军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：
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/ Q* I; d1 K9 l7 W' hUnited States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）( L8 k% N2 A6 s9 R9 a) S
United States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）7 N( Z3 {; Q8 A. A g
United States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）
6 c( p6 t0 s, P+ Z8 A4 K* dUnited States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）
2 y& B4 G+ W) y% O7 E4 G1 e1 uUnited States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）, W/ _! t: }! d: i( B: E7 v
" L* m: t/ U. q! u- ]3 [' U$ F高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：
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0 ^) E2 U$ c T. C9 M4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放
2 w y/ U# b1 iThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)! K$ ~% T- k% y
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university), e! a" k5 K: c2 j7 J8 h% |9 G" h
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)2 |& F p( }6 p( Q0 v
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)# g% `$ ^; t8 o& m6 e: X
+ j/ t. d; A$ ~+ h) @+ |1个只收ROTC学生* v9 f+ \6 }9 s7 J C) z# {
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生7 [4 s% E- C% H" F1 v
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1个军民兼收的私立2 D1 U o0 ]' t, @" l/ a
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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x+ F f/ w9 d7 E州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)' B: m5 y) Q1 ^: m, J. I. S
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
' a) f$ J k; C- [$ u' i. Y3 W9 IMaine Maritime Academy3 q' {. c1 J' V
Massachusetts Maritime Academy3 f5 [( [* C5 h
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)+ z) M7 F* C8 m+ G' ]5 |0 _% `
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：. n. K# h* ~0 T1 W4 Y9 T N
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
: `+ J9 r0 z) }5 s$ ~& \% b* Y {, HMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
. z( P- k# @ _9 d4 MNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
# u! d7 B; o% d+ v) a- z0 w2 _) yValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)- e7 S& K I: \# {5 M
' I- i2 _0 M$ Q, }/ a+ {3 _* R还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：
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9 E4 j. G* n9 ~4 z2 sAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
* ~" O' r- j: Y2 ~$ E6 v! PAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)1 T- {" s, r# V, j* B
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
& t% ?+ ]* B6 X' CBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)3 y9 {. i2 Y& }
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)/ V' U$ r) y/ R3 E
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
) f3 \* b5 m! P7 [Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)) B7 Y0 y' r _7 [, v- |
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
6 K! z5 |+ U( VFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
. n0 e- g; W" Y0 SFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)% T8 P9 _4 G! P3 ]7 }, Q" B7 `) n: L4 a
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)( T" _+ M9 h: Y6 D7 R( L2 f
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
2 |5 Q- ]4 ?% @& A' [( [La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
3 j% H& H' I: B7 a/ n- qLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)1 g4 i# S3 X& {- E+ T+ ^! r
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
) b7 t B1 V# n8 D. TMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
; d6 E1 ?" v/ _Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
$ R8 P9 v: |7 Y eMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)( X- D; @; D0 ]
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)6 n9 T" X5 x9 T+ r( g2 [
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)$ y% C- v" Z, }) I
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)0 E6 ^( d8 I0 r( q6 h
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)7 V6 \: _; {0 \4 h
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
2 x; g1 w& w# L; ] z x8 @$ cSan Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
. Q' y; C L2 t: K) j% p$ a1 v8 ^Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)9 N, o+ s( K$ V6 ~
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)) j' R% \( P5 ~$ C4 D+ B. e6 q: x% z
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)! F5 _9 P. ?6 ~: H+ V# t
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
: s+ w/ n+ T1 D" u! ESt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
, j' y2 i' M8 q; a4 |Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida); N, u/ w+ F. y5 g# @
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]4 L( |, f. j* c7 h0 ^2 M' G4 E
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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# Q/ ?$ J- K T, x: G; |更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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# W7 i1 o& M- i4 f" \& fAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)/ _. w; j- P5 b: l
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
7 z5 Z3 w) a. Z) O: M( kCarver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)8 A* {4 l5 V+ W; m c p0 h1 k" D8 j
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)# r" q1 i$ ]: L3 C4 [
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)1 p3 D7 {; [% G* h( l2 M: [
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware); f3 s- D& ~, s# j/ Y; y3 H
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware). A$ r: E, D3 k( j
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]3 G, T$ w t; j' I! M
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)/ n8 [" q+ V4 q5 ^7 ]8 `/ i# ^
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)0 U7 x- X) J- K' Q1 c, x/ w# E
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
/ \6 S6 o6 l9 W3 C5 P8 fMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)( N! n, {0 n1 s* ]% P
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)0 Z) Y0 G, ~/ q6 Z* b7 d
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
% Y7 Q+ Y q; v- \. w$ ^* ]1 qNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana): g' c4 K' I Z% P' ~+ Z" N
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
* l7 k5 F8 D W. yPhiladelphia Military Academy[3]
' D1 m4 a3 q( A. _Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
/ J* F$ x9 l) V2 B, u# q% [Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)! S+ D% g6 h2 \/ w
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)$ f$ I' C S8 u1 b: N
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida) N) O+ i8 ~" c9 l
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)$ l2 @6 R+ i" x( l0 k4 T
0 y- j/ m3 M, Z& H a$ [5 B* A+ i* M在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：: ~& r4 U& J. N6 j% b0 |
: y* A' y5 K) U/ v0 A0 UUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的
7 h7 s9 L/ y. h# I5 O' EUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
, e7 t) i; B) A) C9 n' G1 B1 ZUnited States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
3 L1 p* G+ f- B* G) @1 P2 vNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff+ z0 T- n- D1 G
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面
) j. R3 l- z A) NMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia); y- b; j4 c" ^ N& S& K0 o9 e
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技& o) M, T& f' k+ R$ W' }( H$ X
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校1 k1 g) V3 r( |) r5 X
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。0 _' X' C1 G" F X v+ `
! Q# {. f% g( q" N( [绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
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