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瓷器画片上的柳树风格

热度 15已有 1050 次阅读2020-5-25 00:42 |个人分类:科学实验

2020-5-24

家里有一把旧茶壶,糯米底,小巧玲珑,画片上的图案是柳树,看起来很可爱。而在西方国家生产的具有中国风格的现代瓷器中,柳树图案也是主格调。

  • This is the earliest known dated example of the Willow pattern design. The Willey family of Cornwall, for whom this plate was made, supplied the Staffordshire potteries with the blue pigment, cobalt, in the early 19th century. The Spode factory was amongst their best customers. [27/03/2003]. The Willey family of Cornwall supplied cobalt blue to manufacturers in Staffordshire. [23/05/2008]. The apparent link between the Willeys of Cornwall and the Staffordshire Potteries may be explained by the fact that after 1816, Cornish cobalt (the blue needed for transfer-printing) was being supplied to the Spode factory and others. It is therefore likely that the Willeys were involved in the trade - perhaps mining cobalt or Cornish china stone - and either commissioned this plate or received it as a present.
从几乎同时期生产的马六甲海峡戴安娜沉船上打捞出来的大清嘉庆年间(1817年)景德镇烧制的一个磁盘上,有相似的柳树画片。研究者认为,这和欧洲生产的柳树风格同源。

  • This design is associated with the "Willow Pattern" of european ceramics. The Diana, a merchant ship of the Honourable East India Company was wrecked in the Malacca Straits on 4 March 1817. She was a Company ship, trading between Canton and India, carrying a cargo of Chinese porcelain, tea and spices. Her porcelain cargo of 24,000 pieces was intended for sale to merchant based in Calcutta, for their own use and for shipment on to England. The salvage expert Dorian Ball worked closely with the Malaysian Government on the retrieval of the cargo of the Diana between 1991 and 1994. The salvage operation was carried out under licence of the Malaysian Government, consequently many of the pieces from the cargo were presented to the Malaysian National Museum and the remainder sold at auction at Christie's Amsterdam.
那么瓷器画片上的柳树风格,到底是从哪里来的呢?英国伦敦的维多利亚博物馆,收藏有一款大明天启年间(1621-1627)的柳树风格的外销瓷瓷盘:遥远的天边有一条船,太阳高照,船儿弯弯。一片乌云,四只飞雁,把番使带到了柳树荫儿的下面。
  • A shallow saucer dish, with everted rim flattened at the edge and small inclined foot to which grit adheres. Painted inside with a fisherman in his boat beneath a willow tree, on the shores of a lake with distant rocks, birds and moon. Round the rim is a thick crenellated blue border pattern. On the outside beneath the rim is a single blue line with two sketchy branch sprays, and above the foot another blue line. The glaze has small pits and impurities in it, and pools slightly on the base.
到了大清雍正、乾隆时期(1722-1740),瓷器画片上的柳树风格,变成了如下的图案:婀娜多姿,风情如画。这也是瓷器画片在柳树风格上的巅峰之作。
  • Dish of porcelain, painted in cobalt blue. In the middle is a group of trees and flowering plant, amongst them a willow, a lotus and a tree-peony. On the rim, reserved on a blue ground painted with a diaper pattern, are four oblong panels with rounded ends, containing sprays of lotus and tree-peony alternately. Shows some influence from Dutch delftware.
而到了稍晚时候的英国人手里,瓷器画片上的柳树风格就变成了下面这些个模样:
Bow Porcelain Factory(manufacturer),1755
  • Saucer of soft-paste porcelain painted with underglaze blue. Painted with willows, peonies and other flowers in Chinese style. Border of diaper pattern within the rim.
William Reid & Co. (maker),1756-1758
  • This mug was probably made at the Liverpool factory of William Reid. His Brownlow Hill factory operated from 1756 to 1761, when its partners went bankrupt. The mug's distinctive handle pattern and painted enamel decoration are similar to those found on fragments excavated from the factory site in 1999-2000. Previously this mug was believed to be an early piece made at the Liverpool factory of Richard Chaffers.
Vauxhall Porcelain Factory(manufacturer),1754-1760年
  • Tea bowl and saucer of soft-paste porcelain. Painted in underglaze blue with a Chinoiserie design of horse and willow tree; inside the cup, a small spray.
再过十年 (1765-1770,Worcester porcelain factory ),英国人生产的瓷器上,柳树风格是这样的:形似而神不至。
  • Mug of soft-paste porcelain painted in underglaze blue. Cylindrical with a reeded loop handle. Painted with two Chinese figures beside a table and a willow tree.
我们常说歪嘴的和尚好念经,那么究竟是谁把经给念歪了的呢?看看大英博物馆收藏的,中国景德镇在嘉庆早期(1800-1810)生产的一个外销瓷瓷盘子上的画片,就一清二楚了。而且这个瓷盘,是英国皇室专供,被精工细作,刻意打造了的。
  • This and similar blue-and-white landscape designs were among the most popular Chinese designs in the West and were much copied by English ceramic manufactories throughout the 19th century. The Chinese prototypes often included willows, which gave rise to the name 'willow pattern' for this general type of design.

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回复 testjhy 2020-5-25 06:01
看到两只神兽,

facelist doodle 涂鸦板

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