晨枫 发表于 2022-9-12 01:10:02

奇怪的印度“维克兰特”号航母烟道设计

本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2022-9-11 13:04 编辑

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/IAC1_Vikrant_with_INS_Kolkata_%28D63%29_during_sea_trial_%28cropped%29.jpg
印度“维克兰特”号(R11)航母在N次下水后,终于服役了

https://akm-img-a-in.tosshub.com/sites/dailyo//resources/202209/fbn-3qrucaavpib020922104349.jpeg
与从“戈尔什科夫”号改装的“维克拉马提亚”号相比,舰岛顶着右舷,外侧的“瑜伽甲板”没有了,增加了飞行甲板的有效面积

https://i0.wp.com/asiatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Kiev-USE.png?resize=1536%2C895&ssl=1
“维克拉马提亚”号的舰岛位置由“戈尔什科夫”号的原设计决定,动不了了。为了加宽飞行甲板、增加有效面积,必须在右舷也加宽,但舰岛外侧面积无法利用,被戏称为“瑜伽甲板”

https://i.insider.com/627b05428f41d500187ab305?width=1000&format=jpeg&auto=webp
但“维克兰特”号的烟道设计很特别,是舰岛顶部的“埋头”设计,排烟口与舰桥顶部结构齐平,而不是常见的突出

https://c.ndtvimg.com/2022-08/0qmb7vhg_ins-vikrant-twitter_625x300_31_August_22.jpg
这对改善隐身和降低风阻有好处,但对排烟顺畅可能有影响,这里已经能看到很严重的熏黑了

https://p6.itc.cn/images01/20220624/afcad0a14bd6447fbff73ed142444168.jpeg
常规动力航母必须有烟道,“福建”号的烟道清晰可见

https://www.iask.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/frc-42f4c8ea19a1c0ec2db1d8950417dff8.jpg
“辽宁”号也在舰岛顶端的常规位置

https://i.epochtimes.com/assets/uploads/2018/05/GettyImages-959767396.jpg
“山东”号也是一样


烟道围护结构的冷却空气进风口清晰可见

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/USS_John_F_Kennedy_%28CV_67%29_island_outboard_2004.jpg
美国“肯尼迪”号(CV67)首创烟道外偏的做法

美国“肯尼迪”号(CV67)首创烟道外偏的先例,这样可以尽量使得烟迹远离舰载机的下滑航线,代价是增加排烟压力损失。从热力学角度来说,排烟背压越小,热机效率越高;排烟压力大到一定程度,热机就“死机”了。大雪天汽车滑到积雪的路沟里,首先要检查排气管是否被雪堵住,就是这个道理;汽车改装首先换装更加粗短的排气管,也是这个道理,并不只是为了声音雄壮。

“维克兰特”号采用外偏的烟道,只要设计上考虑到排烟压力损失,这没有什么问题。问题在“埋头”设计。烟道是古已有之的东西,最早是建筑取暖或者烹饪排烟用的。烟道的基本原理是自然对流,利用高层空气温度低、密度大和低层热气温度高、密度小的差别,热气上升,冷气下降。烟囱越高越好,这是人人都明白的道理。在常规动力航母上,舰岛是自然的烟道位置,舰岛的高度在一定程度上是由烟道高度决定的。当然,舰岛本体可以不一定那么高,顶上延伸一定高度的烟道是常见做法,“辽宁”号、“福建”号都是这样的,额外的烟道围护结构还对炽热的烟道有所遮蔽,降低红外特征,并通过百叶式通风窗对烟道进行冷却。

“维克兰特”号的烟道冷却空气进风口比“山东”号更大,这是因为燃气轮机的进排气量比锅炉动力更大、排烟温度更高。但在基本舰岛的顶上,有前后两个子岛,前排烟口的排烟可能掠过后子岛,后排烟口直接在后子岛侧面,高温燃气尤其在低速和停航时可能对后子岛上的电子设备有影响,后子岛也因此额外加高,减少影响。

前排烟口还受到最高层的航空舰桥右舷侧的遮挡。难说这是好事还是坏事。遮挡一方面在前进时形成低压的尾流区,有利于排烟畅通;另一方面紊流也造成排烟口流场的复杂化,可能影响排烟。后排烟口在停船的时候明显会对后子岛有影响。

一个办法是不用自然对流,用强制对流。也就是说,用鼓风机排烟,或者说抽风机。这样,排烟在出风口就有一定的速度和压力,容易远离子岛结构,但要消耗功率。考虑到进排气量,强制循环的功率要求不低。另一个问题是可靠性,万一抽风机故障或者战损,排烟效率极大降低,动力出力就要大受损失,这在战斗激烈的时候尤其要命。

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Titanic-Cobh-Harbour-1912.JPG/1200px-Titanic-Cobh-Harbour-1912.JPG
“自古以来”,轮船烟囱都是“支楞”得很高大,另一个原因是迎风面有自然的上升气流,有利于带走烟气,“泰坦尼克”号这样的后倾只是加强了迎风面的上升气流

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chimney.jpg/1200px-Chimney.jpg
工厂烟囱也是一样,不管风从哪个方向吹过来,都有上升气流可以借用


“维克兰特”号这样的埋头设计就完全利用不到这个效应了,还可能因为舰桥上表面气流的附面层堆积而影响排烟

“维克兰特”号的烟道设计是没有先例的,不管是船只、工厂还是建筑,没有这样埋头设计的烟道。从烟道的一般原理来说,这是反常识的。不过怎么说呢,印度军工设计中反常识的事情不少。反常识不一定不好,可能是前人没有意识到的突破。不幸的是,印度军工的反常识都没有成为突破,而是失败,像“阿琼”坦克的线膛炮、“闪光”战斗机的外双三角机翼。“维克兰特”号的烟道设计是否会是问题,还要时间来验证。

五月 发表于 2022-9-12 02:01:56


过于先进,无人评论

;P

李根 发表于 2022-9-12 02:44:11

大家觉得这个设计是不是经过了充分论证和上舰试验的呢?

{:191:}{:191:}{:191:}

晨枫 发表于 2022-9-12 03:05:30

李根 发表于 2022-9-11 12:44
大家觉得这个设计是不是经过了充分论证和上舰试验的呢?

...

大家一致认为:从来没有见过任何认证和试验。

鳕鱼邪恶 发表于 2022-9-12 06:23:32

难道是大毛工程师拿印海军验证某些东西?{:199:}

老财迷 发表于 2022-9-12 08:19:58

大雪天汽车滑到积雪的路沟里
似乎、好像、可能,某人曾经开LD的鲜艳小车,在公司附近,滑到路边过{:200:}{:226:}

晨枫 发表于 2022-9-12 08:28:09

老财迷 发表于 2022-9-11 18:19
似乎、好像、可能,某人曾经开LD的鲜艳小车,在公司附近,滑到路边过 ...

LD的鲜艳小车没有滑到路边,我的有过{:219:}

testjhy 发表于 2022-9-12 08:43:52

人家只是没有安装烟囱而已,万一还有n+1次下水呢?{:213:}

晨枫 发表于 2022-9-12 10:36:42

testjhy 发表于 2022-9-11 18:43
人家只是没有安装烟囱而已,万一还有n+1次下水呢?

T教授太有才了!{:222:}

住在乡下 发表于 2022-9-12 11:12:31

筋骨惊奇,天赋异禀{:191:}

伏波将军 发表于 2022-9-12 14:48:49

估计这就是传说中的 jugaad吧

赫然 发表于 2022-9-12 20:54:50

testjhy 发表于 2022-9-11 19:43
人家只是没有安装烟囱而已,万一还有n+1次下水呢?

教授,你快比司机更了解印度啦!!!{:190:}

北京阿新 发表于 2022-9-12 21:55:52

烟道外倾可是脚盆的首创,看看隼鹰、飞鹰。。。
data:image/jpeg;base64,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

信浓也是外倾烟道的

https://p7.itc.cn/images01/20210220/2a779bfa75644190bc1a5e63d7e40d5c.png

鳕鱼邪恶 发表于 2022-9-12 23:07:14

北京阿新 发表于 2022-9-12 21:55
烟道外倾可是脚盆的首创,看看隼鹰、飞鹰。。。




你是说印军的航母设计日本人也参与啦?{:189:}

如果是也没什么奇怪的,印度这个大国好像没什么造船经验。

mezhan 发表于 2022-9-13 04:13:29

鳕鱼邪恶 发表于 2022-9-12 23:07
你是说印军的航母设计日本人也参与啦?

如果是也没什么奇怪的,印度这个大国好像没什么造船经验 ...

托 钱德拉·鲍斯 的关系.{:199:}
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 奇怪的印度“维克兰特”号航母烟道设计