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标题: 美国的军校制度 [打印本页]

作者: 晨枫    时间: 2020-6-21 02:15
标题: 美国的军校制度
本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。# I" c4 ^( l/ W' x% z/ O

0 q$ P+ F. |7 m' E9 }) e+ p军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:+ N: g* t# T( n- B
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)
: e1 \  e6 p& J) ?' |# xUnited States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯). H5 O; u" a, p
United States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)8 H) }' z. @. h. ~: u% S  k
United States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)1 R# ^, U8 g5 z" i2 C* K) w
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)
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! _% c& ^  R* D, l) H) j高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:' x. _4 [, F  N, W; Z
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放- `1 o' X0 i5 l, U3 I7 l
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college). v4 e9 T# E" h% L" ~' K: R
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
  x3 k2 G8 V* h) l. IUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)) X; Y( a1 b7 ?( o* N0 v1 R
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)& {) E2 m7 J7 w# j- r/ S- |

+ C% ?% z- s. \/ M1个只收ROTC学生1 [8 Q1 i7 ]& a& v- g" X7 g
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生, L: `* I/ g7 g+ Q
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1个军民兼收的私立- `0 k$ Y' s6 H# Y
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:
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# F$ T  s) o8 f- ECalifornia State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
+ m" I# D3 L9 a) N* U9 MGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
1 Z$ b! U9 ]3 [3 A1 UMaine Maritime Academy
1 o  }# \6 V" AMassachusetts Maritime Academy
$ k' A% }- n0 [' b, b* o$ U' TState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
3 n) v+ v, K+ P  yTexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)  x; y5 e; a% F" N3 \

- @" r6 }6 h' ^0 h4 x* A. s军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:2 K* @. Y% ^: Z2 e8 Y3 n

, A% @" V* }0 b% i2 U1 KGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)+ I7 h! B- {: L. [1 i
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)3 m# ^6 z; D$ f9 H: d- L
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)6 j% V' r$ Q) V, v+ w7 W/ k. r
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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2 \' w; z5 _6 u- J6 o: `! \3 z4 B还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:8 ]- s. h8 P! M9 L6 R4 b2 V

- d/ w% {3 o) m7 lAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
/ w- \( \' B: v$ i7 BAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
; g* i1 |) H+ c' E2 v: p( P2 _( A# ^" LArmy and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)  k: l# E2 l2 y) v9 S
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
- ?& d8 X) x6 L# _8 Z, |% M# z* R/ S$ BCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)' {1 b* ^2 y, W) X6 v
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)* e4 i, h- n1 l/ T( a
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)) C# q/ h9 E7 I( K5 p1 O
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)5 D0 V; u3 A0 G" W  U0 R& a0 f
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)) S$ s( t; Y$ o1 }8 _5 w5 F
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
! _# h6 u! h$ ]& _$ a2 N: @* Z. z/ GHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
' k4 K( a/ W" |: GHowe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)/ j' ~/ x5 _, M- {* a, w2 N; G) `
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
1 x# m3 |9 B7 g1 X2 H' ZLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
- R! h  l& `6 L. sLyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
7 W4 i" k. B$ }) CMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
8 C  a0 u8 H  qMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)" x& w& g$ f0 J2 E' ]- Z
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
" l4 S+ p' j. r( i( tNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)* L, X3 S3 o' J8 ~* g! n8 a
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)# [; B5 O! B" w! W
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
9 ?, _; d8 r1 z, G9 M2 n% RRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
& E( \- e. V5 @( d( k' SRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)# H, P9 q, x: h4 P
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
6 X' q' `! o* ], xSaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)6 F+ |& o- G( J8 d- w9 B  H4 }8 r3 U
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
+ k1 j, B8 f# q1 R' ~; k! ^St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational): }: n* W. P  V
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas); K& _! v2 e4 N9 x# A9 v
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
. c: {: }% ~  DSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
  S2 K& T5 `: e, @TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
9 l) T# T2 ]$ Q) }# h! Y! bValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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0 ~+ r4 \4 P1 @更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:- c% s6 S, b- |

4 h: g- x* ?, w3 V( e- [0 r/ KAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
. D/ \4 h1 H* ?5 \Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)1 |- S# u: f1 y3 M3 R0 l
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)" T2 q7 m1 B$ z8 Z9 e
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
' w4 H7 `+ ~2 b6 ?' Q, nCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
* y5 `$ t% [6 X4 w) }* iDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
  F; X) ?! R5 Z5 N: J. I9 [  ~1 GFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)7 ?% ^* f8 r4 `
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
* R( {9 w, g# C# x& f" bGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
( {, Q, \' z7 G) E7 YHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
! u  O# S% M/ A2 i/ [* u3 CKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]! L, m7 A+ j9 A
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
' \) I! |) }# uMarine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)+ t" `& ~. {% S
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
" ], j1 L# L& u* Q7 {New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)7 w, z3 l( {* }; e. y
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)9 Q: A6 ]% P( f' l  b5 f4 _" e! H
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]% c3 u0 c0 ]& a4 [2 r
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois): U$ D3 q! O! y
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois); L" F$ t2 v8 \
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)6 V# T' _. [9 x8 k- I
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)" L% Z. i8 P$ @4 D. G
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:
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! u# k* Q: P2 Z' ?, A8 }( E/ {. HUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
6 p( }; A6 s- M9 z& d) o1 V7 y" CUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校  m. o& e. C6 t& u  R
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)5 B# T5 S; J3 C" d% X; r9 h
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff3 O: d1 l9 s+ v5 W
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
$ S7 a& z8 D- MMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
8 Y# }% _( C" h" m2 @Air University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技
- C' e9 c+ r" W; {! H& jNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校9 ~# H# `% J* E! E
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。8 z: {. f- |  L' D. D7 j
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绕晕了吗?我也是。
作者: liuqing098    时间: 2020-6-21 12:06
土共是不是也学米国这一套了?
作者: 晨枫    时间: 2020-6-21 12:40
liuqing098 发表于 2020-6-20 22:060 P* n3 A+ w4 ]# }! S. p  I
土共是不是也学米国这一套了?

$ ]( F. e# Y/ D( }9 Y好像不是,TG还是苏联式军校体制。
作者: 牛腰    时间: 2020-6-21 13:00
Virginia Military Institute 最有名的毕业生应该算George Marshall吧,一个Marshall Plan就能盖过巴顿了
作者: cooker    时间: 2020-6-21 13:01
liuqing098 发表于 2020-6-21 12:06
8 R4 v( N* n: c+ H+ N) F4 Y. W土共是不是也学米国这一套了?

- I/ N5 e- z7 g; G+ M( x' |, y土共目前正式的说法是43所军队院校(https://new.qq.com/omn/20191224/20191224A0DH5Q00.html),比以前少了很多,主要是政治和艺术类基本上都被合并精简了。建军九十多年,连军区这种庞然大物都变了又变,其体制沿革足可以写书了,更不要说通常是军或师一级编制的军校。几十年历史的学校,说没就没了。固然能打击体制内的山头主义,但同样也很影响士气。不过铁打的营盘流水的兵,军队就是个永不停息的大熔炉,最不缺的就是人。
作者: 晨枫    时间: 2020-6-21 13:10
牛腰 发表于 2020-6-20 23:00
% l! p# j3 V3 E- z: R- S' e) yVirginia Military Institute 最有名的毕业生应该算George Marshall吧,一个Marshall Plan就能盖过巴顿了 ...
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他的军衔更高,政治成就更大,但作为军人,他的战功好像不突出?
作者: 牛腰    时间: 2020-6-21 21:28
晨枫 发表于 2020-6-21 13:10
4 D% p- f/ e5 {0 n0 ^' _9 p; ]他的军衔更高,政治成就更大,但作为军人,他的战功好像不突出?

/ q+ Q3 O, J1 U( n( |9 E% [- r是的,他是参谋型的军官,对美军的贡献主要在组织运作上,他自己没有直接指挥什么有名的战役。; M) J  A2 O9 u/ M& |. L- [0 u
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VMI最有名的中国毕业生大概是孙立人
作者: 晨枫    时间: 2020-6-21 21:34
牛腰 发表于 2020-6-21 07:28
7 j1 `; g: n6 ^9 U! a3 F0 P2 t是的,他是参谋型的军官,对美军的贡献主要在组织运作上,他自己没有直接指挥什么有名的战役。. H  P& C* S. g( q' s) |( `- v
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VMI最有 ...
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嗯,怎么把他给忘了?不应该
作者: liuqing098    时间: 2020-6-21 22:30
cooker 发表于 2020-6-21 13:01# q! I. U8 r% B
土共目前正式的说法是43所军队院校(https://new.qq.com/omn/20191224/20191224A0DH5Q00.html),比以前少 ...

+ {( {0 @& s7 V6 A不过铁打的营盘流水的兵,军队就是个永不停息的大熔炉,最不缺的就是人。1 P6 b- _" a* V* i$ x; n3 {! [
赞这个观点。
: S- a! q1 t0 t9 ^以前在天涯上看什么校尉的帖子讲桂林陆军学院的,也是很赞的。
作者: 中关村88楼    时间: 2020-6-21 23:31
老兄漏掉了军医大。Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 在马里兰。
作者: 晨枫    时间: 2020-6-22 00:01
中关村88楼 发表于 2020-6-21 09:316 V0 k4 o1 I( B+ V  c5 n
老兄漏掉了军医大。Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 在马里兰。

: R2 h% W  ]$ p) {# n# r呃,这个确实漏掉了,多谢补充
作者: 漂流瓶    时间: 2020-6-22 14:09
liuqing098 发表于 2020-6-21 22:307 _1 X# b$ j/ ^
不过铁打的营盘流水的兵,军队就是个永不停息的大熔炉,最不缺的就是人。
) s, w2 f: r6 k1 @赞这个观点。9 s  o9 Q- e8 L1 n; Q1 A$ y6 k- k
以前在天 ...
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应该是西西河的票姚校尉
作者: liuqing098    时间: 2020-6-23 07:48
漂流瓶 发表于 2020-6-22 14:09
  g: R5 G) v0 F2 a. h应该是西西河的票姚校尉

0 S& r# X& D3 n+ s2 ?对。就是他。当时感慨不已。




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