bjinjin 发表于 2012-5-11 09:43:13

隔着大洋看apache junction city 公共图书馆

本帖最后由 bjinjin 于 2012-5-11 09:49 编辑

隔着大洋看apache junction city 公共图书馆(一):陌生的同行

       今天AJ馆的馆长Spencer Paden走访了我馆,其实这真的是一场无心插柳的意外之事,为什么涅,因为PADEN是来上海旅游的,每年来上海旅游的外国人成千上万,PADEN的特殊之处在于,他是我们的美国同行,真是休闲不忘工作,PADEN的职业意识给我留下深刻的印象,想必他一定是位成功的图书馆员,对自己的职业充满了自豪感。

      事实上,PADEN恰巧是APACHE JUNCTION CITY的公共图书馆馆长,AJ城是亚利桑那州菲尼克斯市下的一个小城镇,他本人名片上的职位是:library MANAGER,这个有点出乎意料,我好像记得国外业界通常使用的表述方式是CHIEF LIBRARIAN。

      话里行间,PADEN对数字化服务情有独钟,多次提到他的“electronic reader"和菲尼克斯数字服务,本人学的是20年前标准的闭口英语,十几年前的六级早交回了一大半了,所以也就听了个迷迷糊糊,幸运的是,我们的”翻译“,其实是我们图书馆的一位热心读者,积极的进行了翻译,当然我听着好像也有点”十六万、六十万“不分。
      中美两国虽然在文化背景上有着诸多差异,但是在公共图书馆的服务理念、运行机制上其实既有大同又有差异。AJ馆最早是由美国钢铁大王卡内基于上世纪七十年代资助建立的,比我馆晚了十几年的,八十年代初期AJ馆经过了重大改建,这次改建的影响之深远,用PADEN的话来说,是导致了AJ城的政府预算至今依然是负债赤字财政,看来老美的金融危机不是一天、两天的积累啊。

      为什么PADEN对这次改建留下了这么深刻的印象,这个,是因为此次小小金融危机的参与者中,就有当时的小PADEN本人。以后,小PADEN变成了中PADEN,到现在又变成了老PADEN,当然业务能力也是突飞猛进,直至今天,他作为AJ馆的馆长,每年依然能从他的老板:AJ城的市长助理手中,争取到每年的”庞大“预算,考虑到AJ城的规模和AJ馆的服务内涵,我得说,他确实是一位非常热爱图书馆事业的职业图书馆人,当然,他的老板也是一位热心于公共图书馆事业的公共管理者,因为直到今天,每次预算会议上,他少不了抱怨当初的建馆债务,但总也少不了批准每年的预算。

       AJ馆日常预算除来自于AJ城的预算外,还有一部分由菲尼克斯城提供,这种机制有点类似于我们的市、区两级体系,事实上AJ馆原来使用的是HORIZON系统,听着非常耳熟吧,本市公共图书馆和高校中使用该系统的不少,最近,AJ馆刚迁移到Polaris Library Systems,当然这也是菲尼克斯地区图书馆联盟的一次重大平台迁移。

       据paden介绍,,AJ城人口大约三万左右,藏书量10万册,年借阅量达六十万册次,这个就是”十六和六十“的疑问由来,目前,AJ馆除了提供实体图书馆服务外,也加入了菲尼克斯地区的数字图书馆服务联盟,并建立了自己的网站www.ajpl.org,当地居民可以选择通过传统或者数字方式访问AJ馆的资源。

       根据我对当时对话的理解和事后的查阅,AJ馆的技术架构相当先进,联合目录、数图联盟、网上参考咨询、RFID应用,甚至还有无人值守的24小时音像制品自动借阅设备,当前业界的主要服务模式和技术都在AJ馆中得到了应用,可想而知,这位图书馆长深以他的事业为骄傲。

       在2008年的金融危机中,小城的财政也经受了重大冲击,AJ馆原有雇员20余人,在08年的世纪危机中,一部分资深员工以提前退休等方式离职,同时AJ馆又招聘了一部分新近员工,毫无疑问,两者的人力成本相差悬殊。美国图书馆的门槛很高,新近员工必须是图书馆行业的硕士,同时AJ馆的部分员工还拥有图书馆专业博士学位,可见,即使在美国,高等教育的普及和行业资质的认定对于年轻人的就业也形成了一定的压力。

       话里行间,我们和PADEN就跨馆文献传送、数字资源版权纠纷等当前业界的热门话题,进行了轻松而又宽泛的交流,在这方面,中美图书馆员还是有着许多共同的语言。


    无论是在中国还是美国,对于公共图书馆来说,日常运作在很大程度上依赖于当年的政府预算。谈到这个问题,就无法回避当地政府的公共预算的制定方式和来源。
      下面的数据以2009到2010年度AJ城的预算审计和执行报告为准:
      2010年AJ城全日制政府雇员为316.975,其中公图为22.7,雇员占比为7.16%。
      下面再计算一下公图支出占城市岁入的百分比,这里没有考虑其他的资金来源, 比如第三方的资助、上级地区的资助和城市图书馆基金的调节作用,2009到2010年度AJ城实际岁入21338198,AJ城公图预算为1349805,实际支出为1105532,其中采购资源629391,计算机设备98867,图书馆用户支出390384,支出占比为5.18%。按它的这个比列,上海市一个区财政对区图书馆事业的支出可达3.75亿,想想也是作孽,实际是一个零头也没有的。
       综合分析自2001年到2010年的AJ城公图的人员编制,可以看到人员编制自2001年的15人起逐年增加,直至2008年金融危机爆发时达到22人,08、09、10三年保持在这一水平上,数字上是持平的,然而据PADEN透露,其实馆员的构成已发生了重大变化,主要是资深馆员提前退休,新增馆员相对的人力成本支持较低。
       AJ城公图的实际支出,2007年为1065715,2008年为971548, 2010年为1105532,可见,08年的金融危机对当年图书馆经费产生了一定的负面影响,但2010年的预算实际支出已经恢复并超过了危机前的最高点。
            由此可见,所谓08金融危机,对于亚利桑那菲尼克斯下的AJ城的公图,表面上其影响并不大,然而,如果注意到07、08、09、10四年的失业率(分别为3.1%,3.7%,6.8%和8.4%)的爆发式的攀升,接下来是否会因全美的萧条而产生第二波影响也还未可知,也许,这正是paden馆长所担心的。

2009-2010年度AJ城岁入情况




2001年到2010年十年间AJ城公图的全日制雇员编制数:



2009到2010年度AJ城图书馆预算与执行情况



2001到2010年度AJ城图书馆预算的实际执行情况




附录一
隔着大洋看apache junction city 公共图书馆(三):编制和岗位设置 ...

以下是AJ馆员工的列表:数据来自www.ajpl.org.



Library Staff


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------





Library Director
Spencer Paden

Supervisory Librarian
Tracie Curtis


Librarians
Linda Konopitski

Cataloging, Acquisitions and Processing Services Supervisor
Trish Pelletier

Circulation Supervisor
Karen Rauls


OTHER LIBRARY STAFF
Judy Antrim, Jeremy Berini, Burnett Buckborough, Robert Cutler, John Feldt, Amy Fitch, Anthony Fitzwater, Lynda Fullerton, Stephanie Greene, Sonya Hewitt, Sandra Ketchum, Sancie Lee-Brown, Nikelle Mackey, Deborah Obolewicz, Jessie Schroeder, Craig Smith and Megan Sparks





Library Director:馆长(行政管理)
Supervisory Librarian:类似首席图书馆员

Librarians:图书馆员

Cataloging, Acquisitions and Processing Services Supervisor:采编管理
Circulation Supervisor :流通管理

普通员工17人,总计员工22人。


附录二隔着大洋看apache junction city 公共图书馆(二):业务功能

1、图书馆、校区、社会联动:

LITERACY PROGRAM
You can study online at http://litlink.ket.org and take a sample exam through our databases at www.ajcity.net/ajpldb.htm (go to Education & Careers and then Learn A Test). GED examinations are $75.00 at Central Arizona College, Apache Junction (480) 288-4008 and Mesa Community College, Mesa (480) 461-7480.

2、参考咨询 (实体参考咨询、网上参考咨询、电话参考咨询)

参考咨询资料:Encyclopedias, business directories, and investment information are all available, inter-shelved with the non-fiction collection.

3、地方文献服务:ARIZONA COLLECTION
The library has a special collection of books on Arizona including materials on the Superstition Mountains and the Lost Dutchman’s Mine. In addition, the library has a reserve collection and a database of information on the Superstition Mountains.

4、特色文献服务:西班牙文文献服务(少儿、成人)

5、专题服务:

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION CENTER (EDIC)
The Apache Junction Public Library is an EDIC (Economic Development Information Center), a statewide
program geared to the needs of the community. We maintain a core collection on economic
development that includes information on business basics, economic development in Arizona,
demographics, marketing, finances, and “how-to” materials aimed at small business.

6、缩微胶卷阅读和打印服务

7、政府信息公开:

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Apache Junction has been designated a Federal Depository Library. The Federal Register, Code of
Federal Regulations, Commerce Business Daily, U.S Code, and many other government publications are
available online. Click here for the list. National Trade Data Bank is part of Stat-USA available online
with a username and password that the Library has. Ask at the desk if you wish to use this resource.

8、个人税务信息

TAX FORMS
Reproducible Arizona and Federal tax forms are available in the library. To get forms online, visit these websites;
Federal – www.irs.gov/formspubs
Arizona State – www.revenue.state.az.us

9、影视播放专场服务:

VIDEOCASSETTES
The library has “how to” and other non-fiction video cassettes shelved in the same call number area as books on the same topic. There is also a collection of classic films and children’s videocassettes shelved in the Mountain View room.



10、RFID应用

11、计算机书目检索

12、区域数字图书馆联盟

13、电子阅览和上网服务:

14、网站服务:有

15、数据库服务:有

16、无线服务

17、计算机应用培训

18、电子书阅读器:

19、电子报刊杂志数据库

20、普通有声电子读物:通过专用设备在馆阅读、通过光盘外借、通过网络阅读



21、免费办证

22、成人图书服务

23、图书预约(网上在线、当面、电话)

24、报刊阅览

25、过刊借阅

26、光盘外借服务(有声读物、影视、多媒体):

27、馆际互借:收费、有延时

INTERLIBRARY LOAN SERVICES
Books not owned by the Apache Junction Public Library may be borrowed from other libraries. There is a limit of 6 requests at any one time. If an item is not picked up, a $1.00 fee will be assessed. Allow a minimum of 2 weeks for delivery.

28、少儿图书服务:有

29、少儿特色服务:

TEEN SERVICES
We have books, magazines, graphic novels and manga for junior high and high school students. Services include computers, gaming stations, movies, game nights, programs, class visits, tours, and volunteer opportunities.

HAND-IN-HAND EARLY LITERACY CENTER
Children from birth to 5 years and their caregivers can enjoy a fun experience together in this interactive
learning center. The Center features a variety of open-ended activities that support skills that children
need to have in order to be ready to learn to read by the time they start school.

CASTLE
Children can let their imaginations run free in the Library’s interactive, two-story castle located in the children’s area.

CHILDREN’S SERVICES
Besides the books, DVDs, videocassettes and other audiovisual materials, the library offers babytime, preschool and toddler story hours, class tours, movies, special programs, the Summer Reading Program, “Play and Learn” workshops and “Every Child Ready to Read.” Contact the Youth Services department for more information (480) 474-8555.

30、志愿者服务:

VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES
Shelving, working at the Chapter Two Bookstore, helping with Youth Services, and with Adult programs are some of the opportunities available to volunteers.

31、读者培训辅导:

BOOK CLUB KITS
A Book Club Kit contains multiple copies of a title (5-12 copies). The entire kit is checked out for 6 weeks to one member of a club. All the materials are packaged in a plastic tote. Most kits have discussion questions, author’s biography and a book summary.

CHAPTER TWO BOOKSTORE(旧书、旧杂志通过代理书店出售)
Used books, magazines and other materials may be purchased from the Friends of the Library. This is the longest operating used bookstore in Apache Junction.

TOURS
The library offers school visits and group tours. Contact the Youth Services department to find out more information or to schedule a visit. (480) 474-8555.



32、盲人专用有声电子读物:

33、视障人士专用设备:纸质书有声朗诵设备

KURZWEIL 3000
The library has specialized software and a scanner that can allow a customer to listen to the printed text. The program is also designed to assist customers with learning disabilities.

34、PLAYAWAYS(专用有声读物阅读设备)
Playaways are pre-loaded digital audio books in lightweight portable packages that can fit in a pocket or be worn on a lanyard around the neck. Just plug in ear buds or headphones and listen.

35、TALKING BOOKS
For persons who are visually impaired, the State Library provides tapes and machines by direct mail at no charge. Back-up machines and Talking Book cassettes are available at the library. Talking Books require the use of a special machine. Regular books on CD and cassette are also available as are Playaways and downloadable audio books.

36、TTY
There is a TTY (Text Telephone) machine to provide reference for patrons who are hearing impaired. The number is (480) 983-6012.



37、学习室

38、收费项目:

FINES
Books and audio books are 10 cents per day per item. Videos, DVDs, Backpacks, Video Games,
Interlibrary Loan books and Seven Day Reference items are $1.00 per day late fee.

39、自助式服务:复印

40、人工打印服务

41、自助饮料

42、VENDING MACHINES
A variety of hot and cold drinks, snacks, ice cream and other food items are available for purchase.
.



不爱吱声 发表于 2012-5-16 06:31:00

你们是哪家图书馆呢?

老芒 发表于 2012-5-16 19:20:25

jinzr是楼主的另一个网名吗?

bjinjin 发表于 2012-7-25 13:03:51

本帖最后由 bjinjin 于 2012-7-25 13:05 编辑

老芒兄猜的对,网络世界其实太小了,不爱吱声兄,一查便知。

Highway 发表于 2012-7-26 23:17:42

谢谢你的这篇长文,信息量好大!

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